Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the production, fat and fatty acids of milk as well as the diameter, classification and quantity of the milk fat globules (MFG) of goats consuming a diet with 15% of crude glycerin. Twelve multiparous Saanen goats weighing 40 ± 6 kg and 90 ± 5 days of lactation were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (0 and 15% inclusion of glycerin). In this way, each milk sample is classified according to the percentage of milk fat globules that were included in these three size categories. For the variables milk production, fat, diameter, medium and large fat globules and amount of globules showed a significant effect of the inclusion of glycerin in the diet (p < 0.05). Fifteen fatty acids were found, mostly saturated. For caprylic, palmitic, and linoleic fatty acids, there was no significant influence of the inclusion of glycerin (p > 0.05). Can recommend the use of 15% double-distilled glycerin in the feeding of lactating goats increased milk production, the amount of fat, increased the size of the milk fat globule. Regarding the saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, they kept the level of 15% of glycerin.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn by double-distilled glycerin, a co-product of the biodiesel industry, on goat curd cheese in terms of physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory aspects. Twelve multiparas Saanen goats weighing 47.07 ± 2.41 kg and at 90 ± 5 days of lactation. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (0 and 15% inclusion of glycerin). The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: fat (%), non-fat solids (%), protein (%), lactose (%), salts (%), relative density at 15/15 °C (gmL-1), index cryoscopic (°C), electrical conductivity (mScm-1), pH and acidity. The milk from each treatment was used to make the rennet cheese. The fat had a significant effect (P < 0.05) with inclusion of glycerin in the diet. The physicochemical characteristics of the cheese were influenced (P < 0.05) by feeding up to 15% of glycerin. Regarding sensory attributes, only firmness was influenced (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of glycerin in the diet of dairy goats. Bidistilled glycerin, when inserted in the diet of dairy goats at a level of 15%, causes a reduction in the lipid content of milk and cheese, consequently affecting the cheese yield, and the parameter of firmness in the sensory of the evaluated cheeses.

O objetivo deste ensaio é apresentar uma base conceitual para diferenciar emoções de sentimentos, a partir das ideias de LeDoux e Damásio, e usar essa base numa abordagem sobre o conceito e as origens da alexitimia, constructo recentemente desenvolvido para retratar a dificuldade de expressar emoções e sentimentos. Nessa abordagem, é questionado se o alexitímico não expressa ou não tem sentimentos. A conclusão deste ensaio é que no alexitímico as emoções ocorrem normalmente, mas os sentimentos, que requerem circuitos cerebrais adicionais em relação aos acionados pelas emoções, não são desenvolvidos de forma adequada. São apresentadas as limitações do trabalho e sugestões para um programa de pesquisa.

The aim of this essay is to present a conceptual basis to differentiate emotions from feelings, based on LeDoux and Damasio's ideas, and to use this basis for an approach to Alexithymia's concept and origins, a construct recently developed to explain the difficulty of expressing emotions and feelings. In this approach, it is questioned whether alexithymic individuals do not express or do not have feelings. The conclusion of this essay is that emotions occur normally in alexithymic individuals, but that feelings, which require additional brain circuits in relation to those driven by emotions, are not developed properly. Limitations of this work and suggestions for a research program are presented.

O diagnóstico de processos inflamatórios e infecciosos é um objetivo importante em medicina. O uso de radiofármacos para identificação de focos de inflamação e infecção tem recebido considerável atenção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a captação e o potencial de imagem de lipossomas pH-sensíveis furtivos radiomarcados com 99mTecnécio (99mTc) para identificar sítios de infecção em camundongos. Os lipossomas contendo glutationa foram marcados com o complexo 99mTc-hexametilpropilenoamina oxima (HMPAO). Os lipossomas pH-sensíveis furtivos marcados com 99mTc (99mTc-LpHS) foram injetados em camundongos com infecção induzida por Staphylococcus aureus no músculo da coxa direita. Estudos de biodistribuição e imagem cintilográfica foram realizados em diferentes tempos após injeção do radiofármaco. Os 99mTc-LpHS foram captados significativamente pelo abscesso quando comparado ao respectivo controle. O abscesso foi visualizado rapidamente (0,5 horas) após injeção do 99mTc-LpHS tornando-se mais evidenciado com o tempo. Estes resultados indicam que 99mTc-LpHS é um promissor radiofármaco para identificação de focos inflamatórios e infecciosos em pacientes.

The diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious processes is an important goal in medicine. The use of radiopharmaceuticals for identification of inflammation and infection foci has received considerable attention. The aim of this work was to evaluate the uptake and the imaging potential of stealth pH-sensitive liposomes radiolabelled with 99mTechnetium (99mTc) to identify infection sites in mice. The liposomes containing glutathione were labeled with 99mTc-Hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) complex. The 99mTc-labeled stealth pH-sensitive liposomes (99mTc-SpHL) were injected in mice bearing infection in the right thigh muscle induced by Staphylococcus aureus. Biodistribution studies and scintigraphic imaging were performed at different times after injection of radiopharmaceutical. The 99mTc-SpHL was significantly uptaken by abscess when compared to the respective control. The abscess was visualized as early as 0.5 hours after injection of 99mTc-SpHL becoming more prominent with the time. These results indicate that 99mTc-SpHL is a promising radiopharmaceutical for visualizing infection foci in patients.

Foram estudados em casa de vegetação alguns parâmetros de crescimento em plantas de quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench cv. Piranema) colonizadas por dois grupos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, com o objetivo de determinar a influência dos inóculos na nutrição e morfologia radicular do quiabeiro. Um grupo continha apenas esporos de Acaulospora longula (A) enquanto o outro, esporos de oito espécies: Glomus occultum, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus microcarpum, Acaulospora longula, Acaulospora morrowae, Sclerocystis coremioides, Sclerocystis sinuosa, Scutellospora pellucida. As plantas foram submetidas a três níveis de P (0, 10 e 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e coletadas em três diferentes idades (22, 32 e 47 dias), com quatro repetições para cada tratamento. Foi determinado o acúmulo de N, P, K, e Mg na raiz e parte aérea, bem como o influxo médio desses elementos e a área radicular. Os resultados indicaram, além da resposta positiva do quiabeiro ao P, uma maior eficiência da inoculação com mistura de espécies apesar de o influxo médio, determinado aos 47 dias, apresentar maiores valores para o tratamento com A. longula.

An experiment was carried out in greenhouse to determine the influence of inoculation of two groups of arbuscular mycorrhizae on the nutrition and radicular morphology of the okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench cv. Piranema. One group had only Acaulospora longula spores and the other a spore mixture of eight species: Glomus occultum, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus microcarpum, Acaulospora longula, Acaulospora morrowae, Sclerocystis coremioides, Sclerocystis sinuosa, Scutellospora pellucida. The experiment was held in greenhouse conditions with three levels of P (0, 10 and 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5), three samplings dates (22, 32 and 47 days) and four replications. The accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots and shoots, root area and their influx ratio were determined. The results made evident that the mixture of species was more efficient although there were higher ratios of influx with Acaulospora longula between 0 and 47th. day.